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Explication du : l’absorption intestinale 3ac + PDF

Rappel

Pendant la digestion, les aliments sont transformés en nutriments
(glucose, acides aminés, acides gras, glycérol, vitamines, sels minéraux, eau).
👉 Ces nutriments doivent passer dans le sang ou la lymphe pour être utilisés par l’organisme.

Définition de L’absorption intestinale

L’absorption intestinale est le passage des nutriments à travers la paroi de l’intestin grêle vers :

  • le sang (capillaires sanguins),
  • la lymphe (vaisseaux lymphatiques).

Structure de l’intestin grêle facilitant l’absorption

  • Nombreux replis (valvules conniventes).
  • Villosités intestinales : environ 40 par mm².
  • Chaque villosité contient :
    • des cellules avec microvillosités (surface augmentée),
    • un réseau de capillaires sanguins (absorption vers le sang),
    • un vaisseau lymphatique central (chylifère).
  • Surface totale énorme : environ 200 m² → facilite les échanges.

Voies d’absorption des nutriments

Voie sanguine :

  • Glucose
  • Acides aminés
  • Eau
  • Sels minéraux

Voie lymphatique :

  • Acides gras
  • Glycérol

✅ Ainsi, grâce à sa structure adaptée, l’intestin grêle assure l’absorption efficace
de tous les nutriments nécessaires au corps.

Télécharger le cours :l’absorption intestinale 3ac PDF

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